Chronology : Gandhi in South Africa

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Chronological Sketch of Gandhi in South Africa
(Since 1893-1914)

1893	April	13	Gandhiji left for South Africa from Bombay via S.S. Safari.
	May	25	Attended the Durban Court.
	June	07	Gandhiji was thrown out of moving train at Pietermaritzburg.
	December		On the eve of his departure to India, Gandhiji read an article in Natal Mercury about the Bill to defranchise the Indians. The Indians in South Africa persuaded Gandhiji to extend his stay to lead them against the struggle with colonial rule.

1894	August	22	Natal Indian Congress was found, with Gandhiji as Honorary Secretary.
	September	03	Gandhiji was enrolled as an advocate of Supreme Court of Natal. He was the first Indian to be admitted.
	September	19	His first case in South Africa. Defending Gope Maharaj and Gandhiji won this case.

1895	December	16	Published the book – The Indian Franchise: An appeal to Every Indian in South Africa.

1896	January	23	Applied to be appointed as interpreter in Gujarati
	June	05	Left Durban for India via Calcutta
	July	04	Reached Calcutta
	July	09	Reached Rajkot
	August	14	Published ‘Green Pamphlet’ in Rajkot
	September	14	Reuter sent a misleading report on ‘ Green Pamphlet’
	September - November		Addressed several meetings in India on plight of Indians in South Africa.
	November	30	Left India with his family for Natal, South Africa on S.S. Courtland. S.S.Naderi also left about the same time. The two ships were carrying approximately 600 people to South Africa from India.
	December	18	S.S.Courtland and S.S.Naderi reached Durban Port.
	December	19	The Natal Government declared Bombay an infected port. Placed these two ships from India under quarantine.
	December	25	Gandhiji gave a Christmas dinner speech aboard the ship criticizing western values.

1897	January	13	Passengers were allowed to disembark the ships. Gandhiji was assaulted by the European youths. Whites’ protested against Gandhiji’s anti South Africa Government speeches in India and on board the ship.

1898	August		Gandhiji objected to Durban Town council for refusing trading licenses to Indians on racial grounds.

1899	April	25	Indians in Transvaal were ordered to move to locations.
	October	17	Indians volunteered for Boer war against the Dutch. Gandhiji felt that if Indians demanded the rights as British citizens then it was also their duty to participate in the defense of the Empire. Gandhiji formed Indian Ambulance Corps.

1899	December	14	Left for the front with Indian Corps
	December	19	Corps was disbanded temporarily.

1900	January	07	Ambulance Corps was re-formed and was sent to Estcourt. Indians gave their services as stretch bearers. They carried the wounded through heavy firings.
	October	08	Sent Draft Resolution to Dadabhai Naoroji, on South African Indian problem for Congress session.

1901	October	15	Gandhiji decided to leave for India. Attended farewell meetings. Received gifts from well-wishers, in turn he gave these gifts to the community trust in South Africa.
	October	18	Sailed with family back to India.
	October	30	Disembarked at Port Louis, Mauritius. Attended the reception given by the Indian community.
	December	14	Reached Rajkot via Porbundar.
	December	17	Left Rajkot for Calcutta via Bombay.

1902	January	19	Addressed the public meeting at Albert Hall, Calcutta. Spoke on the question of Indians in South Africa.
	January	27	In Calcutta, he spoke on the work of Indian Ambulance Corps in South Africa.
	January	28	Sailed for Rangoon.
	February	02	Returned to Calcutta and stayed with Gokhale for several days.
	February	21-22	Toured Benaras, Agra, Jaipur and Palampur .Enroute to Rajkot, traveled by third class. In Benaras, Gandhiji called on Annie Besant.
	February	26	Reached Rajkot and settled down to practice law
	July	10	Sets up a practice in Bombay
	November	03	Recalled to South Africa to advocate against anti- Asiatic legislation in Transvaal. Gandhiji was reluctant to leave on account of his children’s illness.
	November	14	Wrote to Gokhale regarding his intension to leave for South Africa on November 20th.
	December	25	Arrived in Durban

1903	February	16	Enrolled at Bar and settled down in Johannesburg
	March	16	Dispatched periodical statement to Dadabhai Naoroji on the situation of Indians in South Africa.
	April	25	Wrote in ‘The Vegetarian’, offering tips to prospective emigrants to South Africa.
	June	04	Started ‘Indian Opinion ‘. With Mansukhlal Nazar as Honorary Secretary.
	December	11	Mass meeting of British Indians to protest against licensing laws.

1904	February	11	Wrote to medical officer of Health, Johannesburg, about the overcrowding and insanitary conditions in Indian locations. And warned about the outbreak of plague epidemic.
	March	01	Informed about the breakout of plague in Johannesburg.
	March	18	Informed the authorities that number of Indians were either ‘dead or dying’ were being dumped in the location.
	March	19	Town council allocated a warehouse for a makeshift hospital but it declined to bear any further responsibility.
	March	21	Was interviewed by a representative of ‘The Star’ on plague problem.
	April	05	Wrote to Johannesburg Press about plague epidemic. Released his correspondence with Medical Officer of health.
	October		Took over the responsibility for the management of Indian Opinion. Read Ruskin’s ‘Unto This Last’ while traveling to Durban. Inspired by the book. Gandhiji decided to set-up a colony on the lines suggested in the book.
	November-December		Founded Phoenix Settlement
	December	24	First number of ‘Indian Opinion’ was issued from Phoenix settlement.

1905	January	13	Wrote to Gokhale regarding ‘Indian Opinion’ and his intention to open school for Indian Children in South Africa.
	February	17	Visited Cape Town with Parsee Rustomjee.
	May		Was learning Tamil about this time.
	June	(post) 09	Visited Durban and Phoenix Settlement
	July	08	Gandhiji wrote in ‘Indian Opinion’ for abolition of salt-tax in India.
	August	19	Called for united opposition to Bengal partition and supported boycott of British goods.
	September	01	British Indian Association objected to the rule requiring Indian refugees to furnish European references.
	September	16	Gandhiji considered Gokhale for the presidentship of Indian National Congress.
	October	28	Hailed progress of swadeshi movement in Bengal.
	November	25	Called for revision of poll tax and its discretionary application to poor Indians.
	December	30	Acted as best man at wedding of Mr. Polak. And Miss Douns.

1906	January	01	1 Pound tax was enforced on Indians aged 18 and above.
	January	20	Mansukhlal Nazar, one time editor of Indian Opinion died.
	February	22	A Statement regarding the safeguards of British Indians in Transvaal and Orange River Colony was sent by Gandhiji to Dadabhai Naoroji, who forwarded a copy to the Secretary of State for India on March 20.
	February	27	Zulu Rebellion broke out this month.
	March	07	Gandhiji appeared for plaintiff in tram test case at Johannesburg. (An Indian, Mr. Coovadia, was prevented from boarding the tram-car. ( ref. -CWMG Johannesburg Letter, March 3, 1906.)
	March	12	Appeared in Tram test case and won.
	March	17	Gandhiji asked Indians to offer their services to the Government on the occasion of Zulu Rebellion.
	March	21	Addressed Coloured peoples’ meeting at Johannesburg.
	April	Before 14	Natal Indian Congress decided to send deputation to England under Gandhiji’s leadership.
	April	24	Addressed Natal Indian Congress meeting which then offered to form an ambulance corps.
	May	Before 05	Met General Manager, Natal Government Railways regarding prohibition of Indians from traveling by certain trains between Johannesburg and Pretoria.
	May	Around 12	British Indian Association wrote to Lord Selborne regarding permits and visitors’ passes. Gandhiji supported home rule for India. He wrote “in the name of justice and for the good humanity.”
	May	18	Judgment favouring Indians ‘right to use trams awarded in Coovadia’s tram test case.
	May	27	Wrote to brother Laxmidas, declaring his lack of interest in worldly possessions.
	June	02	Addressed meeting of Indians in Durban to raise funds for ambulance work.
	June	16	Gandhiji was medically examined and certified fit.
	June	22	Gandhiji was given the rank of Sergent-Major by Government. Wrote to Gokhale about Corps; invited him to visit South Africa.
	June -July	23 -18	Gandhiji on ambulance duty at the front.
	July	19	Stretcher-Bearer Corps disbanded.
	August	06	Wrote to Dadabhai Naoroji about problems of Transvaal Indians.
	September	11	Mass meeting of Indians at Empire theatre, Johannesburg. Demanded withdrawal of Pass Bill, warned Indians would resort to resistance if Ordinance became law. This meeting led to the first Satyagarha of Gandhiji.
	October	03	British Indian association sends Gandhiji, H.O. Ally as a deputation to England to withdraw Oridinance. Gandhiji sails to England on S.S. Armadale .
	October		On board S.S. Armadale ,Gandhiji learns Tamil.
	October	21	Gandhiji reached London. Visited J.H. Polak and stayed with him for a day. Met Pandit Shyamji Krishnavarma.
	October	27	Gandhiji was interviewed by Reuter.
	November	07	Addressed Members of Parliament
	November	28	Met Winston Churchill, who was at that time under- secretary of State for Colonies.
	December	01	Left England for South Africa.

1907	January	02	Visited Phoenix. Gave an account of work in England.
	Jan-Feb		Wrote series of eight articles in Gujarati on ‘ Ethical Religion’ .
	March	02	British Indian association protested to the Registrar of Asiatics against taking of finger prints by police.
	March	11	Mass meeting at Gaiety Theatre, Johannesburg, against the ill-treatment of Indians.
	March	19	The new Parliament re-introduced Anti Asiatic Ordinance as Transvaal Asiatic registration Bill, followed by Transvaal Immigration Restriction Bill. Both these Bills were passed in Transvaal parliament as TARA and TIRA.
	July	01	Act was enforced in Pretoria . First permit office opened in Transvaal. Indians were notified that they have to register themselves within a month. Gandhiji addressed a mass meeting saying that Indians will not submit to compulsory registration.
	July	24	Gandhiji arrived in Pretoria. Called at Khamisa’s shop where applications for registration were being received secretly at night.
	July	28	Mass meeting was held at Hamidia Islamic Society Hall, Johannesburg , to protest against the registrations . Day of hartal was declared in Transvaal.
	November	30	Last day for registration; only 511 out of 13,000 Indians registered .
	December	26	General Smuts decided to procecute Gandhiji and other pickets.
	December	28	Gandhiji conducted his own trial and appeared in defence of pickets. He was ordered to leave Transvaal within 48 hours.

1908	January	01	TARA and TIRA came into force. (Transvaal Asiatic Registration Act and Transvaal Immigration Restriction Act.)
	January	04	British Indian Association informed the authorities that Indian traders, whose licences were refused under TARA, would trade without licences.
	January	08	Gandhiji told Reuters that, if TARA was suspended, all Indian traders would be registered within a month.
	January	10	Wrote to Indians in Indian Opinion to be ready to face imprisonment and deportation. Gandhiji adopted the term ’satyagraha’ as the Gujarati equivalent for passive resisitance. Addressed a meeting before a trail. Gandhiji was tried and sentenced to jail for two months.
	January	21	Agreed to settlement on basis of voluntary registration, if Registration Act is repealed.
	January	30	Gandhiji was escorted to Pretoria to meet general Smuts, settlement was reached regarding voluntary registration. Formally released from prison. Addressed a mass meeting at Hamidia Mosque.
	January	31	All satyagrahis were released.
	February	02	In a meeting in Johannesburg, Gandhiji declared, if violence was to be used against those giving finger-prints, he would be the first victim.
	February	10	Voluntary registration began. Gandhiji was assaulted by Mir Alam Khan and others pathans who thought that compromise was betrayal of Indian interest. He appealed that his assailants be forgiven and asked Asiatics to give their finger prints voluntarily.
	February	15	“A Dialogue on the Compromise” published in Indian Opinion.
	March	05	Another attempted assault on Gandhiji in Durban by pathans.
	March	14	At dinner, said to be first of its kind in South Africa, British Indian Association gave gifts to whites who had helped in satyagraha.
	May	09	Last date for voluntary registration by Asiatics. 8,700 applications were received and 6000 were accepted.
	May	22	Registrar of Asiatics wrote to British Indian Association pointing out that introduction of minors into Colony by Asiatics, punishable under TARA.
	May	23	Indian association wrote back that enforcement of TARA was breach of compromise.
	Before May	30	British Indian Association informed Indians to resume satyagraha. Gandhiji offered to defend satyagrahis free of charge.
	May	30	In a letter to Indian Opinion , Gandhiji announced that satyagraha was resumed
	June	24	In a mass meeting in Johannesburg, Gandhiji appealed to Indians not to submit to TARA.
	July	20	Addressed a meeting outside the court, Gandhiji asked traders to court arrest by trading without licences as a protest against proposed deprivation of educated Indians’ rights. Also exhorted Indian traders not to affix thumb-impressions on their licence applications under TARA.
	July	26	Voluntary certificates and hawkers’ licences were handed over to British Indian Association for burning.
	July	27	Harilal Gandhi was arrested for hawking without licence.
	July	28	Gandhiji appeared in Court to defend Harilal and others.
	August	23	Mass meeting in Johannesburg in which more registration certificates were burnt. Mir Alam and other Gandhiji’s assailants, admitted their error and asked for their forgiveness. They also resolved join satyagraha and to fight to the end.
	September	13	Harilal was deported from Transvaal.
	September	18	Royal assent was given to amended Registration Act. Smut refused Indian terms for settlement .
	October	07	Arrested at Volksrust, along with fifteen other Indians, for entering Transvaal without registration certificates
	October	15	Gandhiji reported at road-making work on Market Square. Reuter's Volksrust correspondent wrote, "Mr.Gandhi expressed himself as being the happiest man in the Transvaal".
	October	25	Gandhiji removed from Volksrust prison to Johannesburg in convict's garb to testify in Daya Lala's case; refused offer of cab, and marched on foot from Park Station to Fort, carrying prison knapsack.
	November	09	Gandhiji, writing to A. H. West, declared satyagraha a religious fight and refused to obtain release, by paying fine, even to visit Kasturba who was gravely ill . Wrote to her a farewell note.
	December	12	Gandhiji released from Volksrust prison. Interviewed at Volksrust, on way to Johannesburg, about ill-treatment in prison. Spoke at Johannesburg reception.
	December	23	*Gandhiji presented Nelson, Volksrust Prison Office, Tolstoy's Kingdom of God Is within You.*
	December	26	Gandhiji reached Durban was given rousing reception; Left for Phoenix to meet Kasturba who was ill.

1909	January	10	Dr. Nanji operated on Kasturba who was seriously ill for 3 months, in Durban. Gandhiji attended on her.
	January	18	Gandhiji, on way to Johannesburg was arrested at Volkrust for failing to produce registration certificate. Deported and escorted to border, returned immediately and was re-arrested.Released on bail .Returned to Johannesburg.
	January	25	*Gandhiji, in interview to Rand Daily Mail, stated he would not be satisfied until Asiatic traders got their rights in South Africa.*
	January	29	Gandhiji was informed of improvement in Kasturba's condition. Left for Durban.
	February	04	Gandhiji shifted Kasturba to Phoenix , who was convalescing after the surgery.
	February	22	Gandhiji left Phoenix for Johannesburg.
	February	25	Arrested at Volksrust along with Polak andVyas. Sentenced to 3 months or £50 fine for failure to produce registration certificate.
	March	10	Gandhiji was taken in handcuffs to Court to appear as witness. Passive resisters congratulated Kasturba Gandhi on Gandhiji's third sentence of imprisonment for sake of self-respect and honour of Asiatic communities.
	March	11	Indian women held meeting in Johannesburg. Letter from Kasturba reported saying : "Had she wings, she would fly to the meeting." Letter to Transvaal Press signed by Kasturba and four others released.
	May	24	Gandhiji was released from Pretoria Central prison at 7.30a.m.
	May	26	Gandhiji wrote to Johannesburg Press on jail experiences.
	June	21	Gandhiji along with Hajee Habib left Johannesburg on deputation to England to represent Indian case.
	July	10	Gandhiji, along with Hajee Habib, arrived at Southampton;was interviewed by Reuter. Reached London at 10.30 a.m.
	August	19	Gandhiji purchased books for Phoenix Library.

	September	13	*Gandhiji attended Pateti* celebrations in London.**
	September	16	Gandhiji and Hajee Habib had interview with Lord Crewe, expressed readiness to give undertaking that, if theoretical right of entry conceded, there would be no further agitation.
	October	01	Gandhiji wrote to Tolstoy regarding passive resistance movement in Transvaal and Tolstoy's "Letter to a Hindoo".
	October	05	Addressing meeting of Gujaratis in London, advised them to cultivate love for their own language.
	October	24	*Gandhiji presided over and spoke at Vijaya* Dashami celebrations in London.**
	October	29	Gandhiji informed Lord Ampthill of decision to leave for South Africa and to challenge arrest on Transvaal border. Received cable from South Africa asking him to return.
	November	02	Gandhiji addressed a meeting in London. Several Indians and some Englishmen enrolled as volunteers for the Souh Africa cause.
	November	10	*In interview to The Daily Express, Gandhiji stated that passive resistance campaign would continue "with unabated vigour".*
	November	13	*Gandhiji and Hajee Habib left for South Africa by s. s. Kildonan* Castle.**
	November	13-22	Gandhiji wrote Hind Swaraj in Gujarati on board s.s. Kildonan Castle.
	November	30	Arrived at Cape Town with Hajee Habib.

1910	January	01	Indian Opinion reduced in size for financial reasons.
	March	24	Bombay Government Gazette notified that Hind Swaraj; Universal Dawn,—Gujarati rendering of Ruskin's Unto This Last, Mustafa Kamel Pasha's Speech,—a Gujarati translation of the Egyptian patriot's speech delivered just before his death, in Cairo, and Defence of Socrates or The Story of a True Warrior . All these publications of International Printing Press had been forfeited to His Majesty for reason that they "contain matter declared to be seditious".
	May	08	Leo Tolstoy, in letter to Gandhiji, commented on Indian Home Rule, said question of passive resistance was of greatest importance not only for India but for all humanity.
	May	30	Founded Tolstoy Farm.
	June	01	Union of South Africa came into being.
	June	02	In letter to Press, Gandhiji said advent of Union was no cause for rejoicing and described it as "a combination of hostile forces" arrayed against Asiatics.
	November	20	Leo Tolstoy died.
	December	04	Gandhiji spoke at Socialist Hall, Johannesburg, on Tolstoy and his message.

1911	March	12	Mass meeting of Indians at Cape Town protested against Immigration Bill.
	April	22	Smuts agreed to assurances, demanded by Indians in reciprocation of suspension of Passive Resistance movement.
	May	03	Gandhiji met Smuts : ‘ Provisional Settlement’ arrived on Smuts’ promise of repeal of Asiatic Registration and Immigrants’ Restriction Acts.
	June	30	Justice Wessels of TVL Division of Supreme Court in judgment, ruled that no Indian could bring more than one wife into the country and "that must be a woman who actually was a wife."
	November	11	Gandhiji in Indian Opinion, expressed his resolve to fight tooth and nail against £3 tax; also called for funds to help the famine-stricken in India.
	December	08	Invited Gokhale to South Africa.

1912	January	18	Durban Indians formed Plague Committee to help Public Health Department.
	March	16	Commended Gokhale’s attempts for abolition of indentured system.
	July	20	*Gandhiji, in Indian Opinion, again criticized Natal Immigration Officer, Cousins, for wanting fresh proof from those returning from India; asked Natal Indian Congress to take up matter.*
	July	26	Natal Indian Congress wrote to Secretary for Interior protesting against circular issued by Immigration Officer Cousins requiring proofs of marriage from immigrant Indian wives.
	September	12	Phoenix Trust was set up.
	October	22	Accompanied Gokhale on tour of South Africa,Laurenco Marques, Mozambique and Zanzibar. Gave up European dress and milk and restricted himself to diet of fresh and dried fruits.

1913	January	18	Indian Opinion announced Gandhiji's decision to go to India about the middle of the year, if expected Immigration Bill was passed in forthcoming session of Parliament.
	March	14	In Cape Supreme Court, Justice Searle rejected Hassan Esop's appeal against deportation of his wife, Bai Miriam, on the ground that she was not Hassan Esop's lawful wife as her marriage had been contracted according to Mahomedan custom. Indian marriages in South Africa invalidated by Searle’s Supreme court.
	March	15	*Gandhiji in Indian Opinion, explained the procedure and evidence required for entry of minors and wives into Tranvaal.*
	March	30	Mass meeting of Indians was held tp protest against Searle’s Supreme court judgment.
	April	14	Immigration Restriction Bill read for first time in House of Assembly.
	April	15	In telegram to Minister of Interior, Gandhiji asked for retention of Natal Immigration Act and protection to wives and minor children of educated Indians; regretted interpretation of reference to passive resistance as threat. Wrote to Secretary for Interior for amending Union marriage laws to legalize non-Christian marriages.
	April	19	Kasturba Gandhi decided to join struggle and offered court arrest.
	May	19	Warned Government of certainty of revival of movement if it fails to grant promised relief.
	June	02	Indian women in Winberg took pledges not to carry passes.
	June	05	Natal Immigration Law Amendment Bill regarding £3 tax introduced in Assembly.
	June	07	Decided not to return to India and resume satyagraha.
	August	07	In London, Gokhale met Fischer and discussed questions of £3 tax and Indian marriages.
	September	15	Passive resistance revived
	September	16	Kasturba, along with other passive resisters, arrested.
	September	20	Advised Indians to court arrest by hawking or trading without licences or by declining to produce them when demanded.
	September	22	Passive resisters were deported to Natal border, but, on re-crossing border, were re-arrested and taken to Volkstust.
	September	23	*Kasturba Gandhi was sentenced to three months' imprisonment with hard labour, other passive resisters were imprisoned from period of one to three months.*
	October	08	Bai Fatima Mehtab, her mother, son and attendant left Durban for Volksrust to court arrest.
	October	09	Gandhiji attended Johannesburg Hindus' meeting, which pledged to support passive resistance. Medh,Pragji Desai and Manilal Gandhi sentenced to 10 days' imprisonment with hard labour.
	October	13	P.K. Naidoo, Jiwan Premji and nine others went out hawking in Johannesburg to court arrest.
	October	15	Gandhiji released statement reiterating Indian demands, need for fresh legislation on question of marriages and £3 tax.
	October	17	Visited Newcastle, urged indentured Indians to cease work till repeal of 3 pound tax. 3000 miners went on strike.
	October	23	Gandhiji, from Newcastle, wired Botha that strike, in protest against £3 tax, would be ended if Government promised repeal. In telegram to Press, said that he was advising miners to court arrest and leave mines. Manilal Gandhi and four others arrested at Volksrust for hawking.
	October	31	Gandhiji informed Secretary of Justice that if Indians, who had surrendered themselves, were not arrested, they would march into Transvaal.
	November	03	Announced ‘march’ into Transvaal.
	November	06	Led at 6.30 a.m., "Great march" consisting of 2,037 men, 127 women and 57 children, from Charlestown; addressed marchers halfway between Charlestown and Volksrust. At Volksrust border, Police Superintendent and Immigration Officer interviewed Gandhiji and Kallenbach. Marchers broke through Police cordon, crossed border. Gandhiji arrested at 8.30 p.m. at Palmford railway station; Marchers continued their journey.
	November	07	Gandhiji appeared in Volksrust court; was released on £50 bail; case remanded till November 14; motored 33 miles, rejoined marchers at Paadekraal. En route supplied medicines to old and infirm among passive resisters there. Telegraphed Minister of Interior for permission to continue march with other strikers, else Government should take over responsibility for looking after marchers.
	November	08	Gandhiji arrived at Standerton; arrested and was released on bail of £50; case was remanded till November 21. Column continued the march. Interviewed by Reuter, Gandhiji felt sure government would repeal £3 tax.
	November	09	Arrested at about 3 p.m. at Teakworth near Greylingstaad , charged with inducing strike; not allowed to speak to satyagrahis, taken secretly to Balfour for the night.
	November	10	Gandhiji's request for remand, permission to take marchers to Tolstoy Farm rejected by magistrate, forwarded to Government. Gandhiji took pledge to take one meal a day "till a repeal of the tax was promised,". Passive resisters in Maritzburg Goal went on three-day fast.
	November	11	Gandhi was sentenced at Dundee to 9 months’ imprisonment. Gandhiji, in a message, praised marchers' courage and sacrifice, appealed to those not courting arrest to forgo a meal a day to provide food for strikers.
	November	16	In Durban, all Indian labour working on railways, sugar refineries, dock and corporation stopped work; clash between strikers and police; 16 Indians injured, one succumbed.
	December	18	Gandhiji, Polak and Kallenbach released at Pretoria on Solomon Commission's recommendation.

1914	January	20	Several women satyagrahis released from Durban Central prison.
	January	22	Suspended satyagraha following agreement with Smuts. 14 days’ penitential fast for moral lapse of inmates of Tolstoy Farm.
	February	07	Indian Women's Sabha inaugurated in Durban; Kasturba, Mrs. Polak elected patrons.
	March	13	In letter to Andrews, Gandhiji wrote : "Mrs. Gandhi was near death's door last week. I have therefore done hardly anything else save nursing her during the last 10 days."
	June	05	Gandhiji wrote to Gokhale that he would leave for India by mid-July in event of satisfactory settlement and termination of struggle.
	June	26	Indian Relief Act was passed.
	June	27	Gandhiji had 2-hour interview with Smuts at Cape Town. Addressed European meeting held to felicitate him on passage of Bill.
	July	08	Was presented with addresses at farewell meeting in Town Hall, Durban.
	July	10	Gandhiji Addressed farewell gathering at Asiatic Location, Pretoria
	July	11	Took leave of Phoenix Settlement
	July	13	Arrived at Johannesburg in evening; taken in procession, addressed mass meeting at Gaiety Theatre.
	July	15	Paid tributes to Valliamma, Nagappen, passive resisters at memorial unveiling ceremony at Bloemfontein Cemetery.
	July	18	Arrived at Cape town; taken in procession from Monument to Docks, received addresses, made farewell speech; Left for England on board S.S. Kinfauns Castle.
	July	22	Indian Opinion announced a plan to issue 'Golden Number' to commemorate struggle.
	August	04	World War I broke out; Gandhiji received the news in English channel; reached London.

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