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Chronology / Time Line
1915 - 1932
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1915 |
Jan |
9 |
Reaches India,
Awarded Kaiser-i-Hind Gold Medal for
Ambulance services. |
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May |
20 |
Founds Satyagraha Ashram (later known as
Sabarmati Ashram after the name of the river) at Ahmedabad. |
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1915-16 |
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Tours India and Burma, travelling 3rd
class on the railways. |
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1917 |
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Successfully agitates against indentured
Indian emigration; idea of making use of spinning-wheel to produce handmade
cloth on large scale takes root in his mind. |
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April |
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Goes to Champaran (Bihar) to investigate
conditions of labour in indigo plantations; arrested and later released;
appointed by Bihar Government as member of committee set up to inquire into
ryots’ grievances. |
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1918 |
Jan-March |
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Takes up cause of textile labourers of
Ahmedabad and fasts to secure amicable settlement of dispute; initiates
satyagraha in Kaira District (Bombay) to secure suspension of revenue
assessment on failure of crops. |
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April |
27 |
Attends Viceroy’s War Conference at Delhi
and addresses it in Hindustani; subsequently tours Kaira District to raise
recruits for army. |
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1919 |
Feb |
28 |
Signs Satyagraha Pledge to secure
withdrawal of Rowlatt Bills. |
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April |
6 |
Inaugurates all-India satyagraha movement;
countrywide hartal. |
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8-11 |
Arrested on way to Delhi for refusal to
comply with order not to enter Punjab; escorted back to Bombay; outbreaks of
violence in several towns. |
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13 |
Jallianwala Bagh tragedy at Amritsar,
troops firing on an unarmed crowd and killing over 400. Addresses public
meeting near Sabarmati Ashram and declares three days’ penitential fast. |
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14 |
Confesses at Nadiad his ‘Himalayan
miscalculation’ regarding satyagraha martial law declared in Punjab. |
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18 |
Suspends satyagraha. |
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Sept |
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Assumes editorship of the Gujarati
monthly, Navajivan, later published weekly in Hindi also. |
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Oct |
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Assumes editorship of the English weekly,
Young India; joins non-official committee of inquiry into official excesses
in Punjab. |
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Nov |
24 |
Presides over All-India Khilafat
Conference at Delhi. |
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Dec |
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Advises acceptance of Montagu-Chelmsford
Reforms by Congress at Amritsar. |
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1920 |
Jan |
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Leads deputation to Viceroy to press on
British Government not to deprive Sultan of Turkey (who was also Khalifa of
Muslims) of his suzerainty over Holy Places of Islam. |
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Aug |
1 |
Addresses letter to Viceroy surrendering
Kaiser-I-Hind Medal, Zulu War Medal and Boer War Medal. |
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Sept |
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Special session of Indian National
Congress at Calcutta accepts his programme of non-co-operation to secure
redress of Punjab and Khilafat wrongs. |
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Nov |
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Founds Gujarat Vidyapeeth at Ahmedabad. |
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Dec |
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Nagpur Congress session adopts his
resolution declaring object of Congress to be attainment of Swaraj by the
people of India by all legitimate and peaceful means. |
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1921 |
April |
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Launches programme of enlisting a crore of
members in Congress, raising a crore of rupees for Tilak Swaraj Fund and
setting up 20 lakhs of charkas in the country in furtherance of national
constructive movement. |
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Aug |
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Leads campaign for complete boycott of
foreign cloth and lights monster bonfire of foreign cloth in Bombay. |
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Dec
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Invested with full dictatorial powers by
Congress session at Ahmendabad. |
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1922 |
Feb |
1 |
Gives notice to Viceroy of intention to
launch satyagraha campaign in Bardoli (Gujarat). |
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5 |
Following Chauri Chaura (U.P.) tragedy, in
which 21 police constables and one sub-inspector were burnt to death by a
mob, fasts for five days and abandons plan of satyagraha movement.
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March |
10 |
Arrested for sedition at Sabarmati and
sentenced (March 18) to six years’ imprisonment. |
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1924 |
Jan-Feb |
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Operated on for appendicitis in Sassoon
Hospital, Poona (Jan. 12) and released on Feb. 5 |
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April |
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Resumes editorship of Young India and
Navajivan. |
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Sept |
18 |
Begins 21 days’ fast for Hindu-Muslim
unity. |
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Dec |
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Presides over Congress session at Belgaum. |
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1925 |
Sept |
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Founds All-India Spinners’ Association. |
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Nov |
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Seven days’ vicarious fast for misdeeds of
Ashram inmates.
Commences writing his autobiography, The
Story of My Experiments with Truth. |
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1927 |
Nov |
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Visits Ceylon. |
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1928 |
Dec |
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Moves resolution at Calcutta Congress
session in favour of Independence if Dominion Status is not granted by end
of 1929. |
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1929 |
Dec |
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At his instance Lahore Congress session
declares that Swaraj in Congress creed shall mean Purna Swaraj (complete
independence). |
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1930 |
Feb |
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Appointed by A.I.C.C. as Congress
Disobedience movement. |
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March |
2 |
Addresses letter to Viceroy intimating his
intention to break Salt law if Congress demands are not conceded. |
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12 |
Commences march to Dandi sea-beach, where
he ceremoniously picks up salt (April 6). |
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May |
5 |
Arrested and imprisoned without trial;
hartal all over India; over 100,000 are jailed before close of year. |
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1931 |
Jan |
26 |
unconditionally released from prison. |
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Feb-March |
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Has series of talks with Viceroy resulting
in Irwin-Gandhi Pact. |
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Aug |
29 |
Sails for England as sole Congress
delegate to Second Round Table Conference. |
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Sept-Dec |
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Attends sessions of Conference. |
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Dec |
5 |
Leaves England for India. |
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28 |
Lands in Bombay. |
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1932 |
Jan |
4 |
Arrested and imprisoned without trial. |
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Sept. |
20 |
Commences ‘fast unto death’ in jail to
secure abolition of separate electorates for Harijans in Communal Award. |
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26 |
Breaks fast on Government of India’s
acceptance of his demand regarding Harijans. |
