CHRONOLOGY Mahatma Gandhi

Gandhi In South Africa

Since, 1893 - 1914

1893 - 1898

1893
13th April

Gandhiji left for South Africa from Bombay via S.S. Safari.

25th May

Attended the Durban Court.

7th June

Gandhiji was thrown out of moving train at Pietermaritzburg.

December

On the eve of his departure to India, Gandhiji read an article in Natal Mercury about the Bill to defranchise the Indians. The Indians in South Africa persuaded Gandhiji to extend his stay to lead them against the struggle with colonial rule.

1894
22nd August

Natal Indian Congress was found, with Gandhiji as Honorary Secretary.

3rd Sept

Gandhiji was enrolled as an advocate of Supreme Court of Natal. He was the first Indian to be admitted.

19th Sept

His first case in South Africa. Defending Gope Maharaj and Gandhiji won this case.

1895
16th December

Published the book – The Indian Franchise: An appeal to Every Indian in South Africa.

1896
23rd Jan

Applied to be appointed as interpreter in Gujarati

5th June

Left Durban for India via Calcutta

4th July

MetReached Calcutta

9th July

Reached Rajkot

14th August

Published ‘Green Pamphlet’ in Rajkot

14th September

Reuter sent a misleading report on 'Green Pamphlet'.Addressed several meetings in India on plight of Indians in South Africa.

30th November

Left India with his family for Natal, South Africa on S.S. Courtland. S.S.Naderi also left about the same time. The two ships were carrying approximately 600 people to South Africa from India.

18th December

S.S.Courtland and S.S.Naderi reached Durban Port.

19th December

The Natal Government declared Bombay an infected port. Placed these two ships from India under quarantine.

25th December

Gandhiji gave a Christmas dinner speech aboard the ship criticizing western values.

1897
13th Jan

Passengers were allowed to disembark the ships.

Gandhiji was assaulted by the European youths.

Whites’ protested against Gandhiji’s anti South Africa Government speeches in India and on board the ship.

1898
August

Gandhiji objected to Durban Town council for refusing trading licenses to Indians on racial grounds.

1899 - 1903

1899
25th April

Indians in Transvaal were ordered to move to locations.

17th Oct

Indians volunteered for Boer war against the Dutch.

Gandhiji felt that if Indians demanded the rights as British citizens then it was also their duty to participate in the defense of the Empire.

Gandhiji formed Indian Ambulance Corps.

14th December

Left for the front with Indian Corps.

19th December

Corps was disbanded temporarily.

1900
7th Jan

Ambulance Corps was re-formed and was sent to Estcourt. Indians gave their services as stretch bearers.

8th Oct

They carried the wounded through heavy firings.Sent Draft Resolution to Dadabhai Naoroji, on South African Indian problem for Congress session.

1901
15th Oct

Gandhiji decided to leave for India.

Attended farewell meetings.

Received gifts from well-wishers, in turn he gave these gifts to the community trust in South Africa.

18th Oct

Sailed with family back to India.

30th Oct

Disembarked at Port Louis, Mauritius.Attended the reception given by the Indian community.

14th December

Reached Rajkot via Porbundar.

17th December

Left Rajkot for Calcutta via Bombay.

1902
19 Jan

Addressed the public meeting at Albert Hall, Calcutta. Spoke on the question of Indians in South Africa.

27th Jan

In Calcutta, he spoke on the work of Indian Ambulance Corps in South Africa.

28th Jan

Sailed for Rangoon.

2nd Feb

Returned to Calcutta and stayed with Gokhale for several days.

21st to 22nd Feb

Toured Benaras, Agra, Jaipur and Palampur .Enroute to Rajkot, traveled by third class. In Benaras, Gandhiji called on Annie Besant.

26th Feb

Reached Rajkot and settled down to practice law

10th July

Sets up a practice in Bombay

3rd November

Recalled to South Africa to advocate against anti- Asiatic legislation in Transvaal.
Gandhiji was reluctant to leave on account of his children’s illness.

14th November

Wrote to Gokhale regarding his intension to leave for South Africa on November 20th.

25th December

Arrived in Durban

1903
16th Feb

Enrolled at Bar and settled down in Johannesburg

16th March

Dispatched periodical statement to Dadabhai Naoroji on the situation of Indians in South Africa.

25th April

Wrote in 'The Vegetarian', offering tips to prospective emigrants to South Africa.

4th June

Started 'Indian Opinion'. With Mansukhlal Nazar as Honorary Secretary.

11th December

Mass meeting of British Indians to protest against licensing laws.

1904 - 1908

1904
11th Feb

Wrote to medical officer of Health, Johannesburg, about the overcrowding and insanitary conditions in Indian locations. And warned about the outbreak of plague epidemic.

1st March

Informed about the breakout of plague in Johannesburg.

18th March

Informed the authorities that number of Indians were either 'dead or dying' were being dumped in the location.

19th March

Town council allocated a warehouse for a makeshift hospital but it declined to bear any further responsibility.

21st March

Was interviewed by a representative of 'The Star' on plague problem.

5th April

Wrote to Johannesburg Press about plague epidemic. Released his correspondence with Medical Officer of health.

Otober

Took over the responsibility for the management of Indian Opinion.

Read Ruskin's 'Unto This Last' while traveling to Durban.

Inspired by the book. Gandhiji decided to set-up a colony on the lines suggested in the book.

November

Founded Phoenix Settlement

24th December

First number of 'Indian Opinion' was issued from Phoenix settlement.

1905
13th Jan

Wrote to Gokhale regarding 'Indian Opinion' and his intention to open school for Indian Children in South Africa.

17th Feb

Visited Cape Town with Parsee Rustomjee.

May

Was learning Tamil about this time.

9th June

Visited Durban and Phoenix Settlement

8th July

Gandhiji wrote in 'Indian Opinion' for abolition of salt-tax in India.

19th August

Called for united opposition to Bengal partition and supported boycott of British goods.

1st September

British Indian Association objected to the rule requiring Indian refugees to furnish European references.

16th Sept

Gandhiji considered Gokhale for the presidentship of Indian National Congress.

28th October

Hailed progress of swadeshi movement in Bengal.

25th Novmber

Called for revision of poll tax and its discretionary application to poor Indians.

30th December

Acted as best man at wedding of Mr. Polak. And Miss Douns.

1906
1st January

1 Pound tax was enforced on Indians aged 18 and above.

20th Jan

Mansukhlal Nazar, one time editor of Indian Opinion died.

22nd Feb

A Statement regarding the safeguards of British Indians in Transvaal and Orange River Colony was sent by Gandhiji to Dadabhai Naoroji, who forwarded a copy to the Secretary of State for India on March 20.

27th Feb

Zulu Rebellion broke out this month.

7th March

Gandhiji appeared for plaintiff in tram test case at Johannesburg. (An Indian, Mr. Coovadia, wasprevented from boarding the tram-car. ( ref. -CWMG Johannesburg Letter, March 3, 1906.)

12th March

Appeared in Tram test case and won.

17th March

Gandhiji asked Indians to offer their services to the Government on the occasion of Zulu Rebellion.

21st March

Addressed Coloured peoples meeting at Johannesburg.

Before 14th April

Natal Indian Congress decided to send deputation to England under Gandhiji's leadership.

24th April

Addressed Natal Indian Congress meeting which then offered to form an ambulance corps.

Before 5th May

Met General Manager, Natal Government Railways regarding prohibition of Indians from traveling by certain trains between Johannesburg and Pretoria.

Around 12th May

British Indian Association wrote to Lord Selborne regarding permits and visitors passes.

Gandhiji supported home rule for India. He wrote "in the name of justice and for the good humanity."

18th May

Judgment favouring Indians 'right to use trams awarded in Coovadia's tram test case.

27th May

Wrote to brother Laxmidas, declaring his lack of interest in worldly possessions.

2nd June

Addressed meeting of Indians in Durban to raise funds for ambulance work.

16th June

Gandhiji was medically examined and certified fit.

22nd June

Gandhiji was given the rank of Sergent-Major by Government.

Wrote to Gokhale about Corps; invited him to visit South Africa.

23rd June To 18th July

Gandhiji on ambulance duty at the front.

19th July

Stretcher-Bearer Corps disbanded.

6th August

Wrote to Dadabhai Naoroji about problems of Transvaal Indians.

11th Sept

Mass meeting of Indians at Empire theatre, Johannesburg. Demanded withdrawal of Pass Bill, warned Indians would resort to resistance if Ordinance became law. This meeting led to the first Satyagarha of Gandhiji.

3rd Oct

British Indian association sends Gandhiji, H.O. Ally as a deputation to England to withdraw Oridinance. Gandhiji sails to England on S.S. Armadale .

21st Oct

On board S.S. Armadale ,Gandhiji learns Tamil.Gandhiji reached London. Visited J.H. Polak and stayed with him for a day.

Met Pandit Shyamji Krishnavarma.

27th Oct

Gandhiji was interviewed by Reuter.

7th Novemeber

Addressed Members of Parliament

28th Novemeber

Met Winston Churchill, who was at that time under- secretary of State for Colonies.

1st December

Left England for South Africa.

1907
2nd Jan

Visited Phoenix. Gave an account of work in England.

Feb

Wrote series of eight articles in Gujarati on 'Ethical Religion' .

2nd March

British Indian association protested to the Registrar of Asiatics against taking of finger prints by police.

11th March

Mass meeting at Gaiety Theatre, Johannesburg, against the ill-treatment of Indians.

19th March

The new Parliament re-introduced Anti Asiatic Ordinance as Transvaal Asiatic registration Bill, followed by Transvaal Immigration Restriction Bill. Both these Bills were passed in Transvaal parliament as TARA and TIRA.

1st July

Act was enforced in Pretoria . First permit office opened in Transvaal. Indians were notified that they have to register themselves within a month.

Gandhiji addressed a mass meeting saying that Indians will not submit to compulsory registration.

24th July

Gandhiji arrived in Pretoria. Called at Khamisa's shop where applications for registration were being received secretly at night.

28th July

Mass meeting was held at Hamidia Islamic Society Hall, Johannesburg ,to protest against the registrations .

Day of hartal was declared in Transvaal.

30th November

Last day for registration; only 511 out of 13,000 Indians registered .

26th December

General Smuts decided to procecute Gandhiji and other pickets.

28th December

Gandhiji conducted his own trial and appeared in defence of pickets.

He was ordered to leave Transvaal within 48 hours.

1908
1st Jan

TARA and TIRA came into force. (Transvaal Asiatic Registration Act and Transvaal Immigration Restriction Act.)

4th Jan

British Indian Association informed the authorities that Indian traders, whose licences were refused under TARA, would trade without licences.

8th Jan

Gandhiji told Reuters that, if TARA was suspended, all Indian traders would be registered within a month.

10th Jan

Wrote to Indians in Indian Opinion to be ready to face imprisonment and deportation.

Gandhiji adopted the term 'satyagraha' as the Gujarati equivalent for passive resisitance.

Addressed a meeting before a trail.

Gandhiji was tried and sentenced to jail for two months.

21st Jan

Agreed to settlement on basis of voluntary registration, if Registration Act is repealed.

30th Jan

Gandhiji was escorted to Pretoria to meet general Smuts, settlement was reached regarding voluntary registration.

Formally released from prison.

Addressed a mass meeting at Hamidia Mosque.

31st Jan

All satyagrahis were released.

2nd Feb

In a meeting in Johannesburg, Gandhiji declared, if violence was to be used against those giving finger-prints, he would be the first victim.

10th Feb

Voluntary registration began.

Gandhiji was assaulted by Mir Alam Khan and others pathans who thought that compromise was betrayal of Indian interest.

He appealed that his assailants be forgiven and asked Asiatics to give their finger prints voluntarily

15th Feb

"A Dialogue on the Compromise" published in Indian Opinion.

5th March

Another attempted assault on Gandhiji in Durban by pathans.

14th March

At dinner, said to be first of its kind in South Africa, British Indian Association gave gifts to whites who had helped in satyagraha.

9th May

Last date for voluntary registration by Asiatics. 8,700 applications were received and 6000 were accepted.

22nd May

Registrar of Asiatics wrote to British Indian Association pointing out that introduction of minors into Colony by Asiatics, punishable under TARA.

23rd May

Indian association wrote back that enforcement of TARA was breach of compromise.

Before 30th May

British Indian Association informed Indians to resume satyagraha.
Gandhiji offered to defend satyagrahis free of charge.

30th May

In a letter to Indian Opinion , Gandhiji announced that satyagraha was resumed

24th June

In a mass meeting in Johannesburg, Gandhiji appealed to Indians not to submit to TARA.

20th July

Addressed a meeting outside the court, Gandhiji asked traders to court arrest by trading without licences as a protest against proposed deprivation of educated Indians' rights.

Also exhorted Indian traders not to affix thumb-impressions on their licence applications under TARA.

26th July

Voluntary certificates and hawkers' licences were handed over to British Indian Association for burning.

27th July

Harilal Gandhi was arrested for hawking without licence.

28th July

Gandhiji appeared in Court to defend Harilal and others.

23rd August

Mass meeting in Johannesburg in which more registration certificates were burnt.

Mir Alam and other Gandhiji's assailants, admitted their error and asked for their forgiveness. They also resolved join satyagraha and to fight to the end.

13th Sept

Harilal was deported from Transvaal.

18th Sept

Royal assent was given to amended Registration Act.
Smut refused Indian terms for settlement .

7th Oct

Arrested at Volksrust, along with fifteen other

Indians, for entering Transvaal without registration certificates

15th Oct

Gandhiji reported at road-making work on Market Square. Reuter's Volksrust correspondent wrote, "Mr.Gandhi expressed himself as being the happiest man in the Transvaal".

25th Oct

Gandhiji removed from Volksrust prison to Johannesburg in convict's garb to testify in Daya Lala's case; refused offer of cab, and marched on foot from Park Station to Fort, carrying prison knapsack.

9th November

Gandhiji, writing to A. H. West, declared satyagraha a religious fight and refused to obtain release, by paying fine, even to visit Kasturba who was gravely ill .
Wrote to her a farewell note.

12th December

Gandhiji released from Volksrust prison.

Interviewed at Volksrust, on way to Johannesburg, about ill-treatment in prison.

Spoke at Johannesburg reception.

23rd December

Gandhiji presented Nelson, Volksrust Prison Office, Tolstoy's Kingdom of God Is within You.

26th December

Gandhiji reached Durban was given rousing reception; Left for Phoenix to meet Kasturba who was ill.

1909 - 1914

1909
10th Jan

Dr. Nanji operated on Kasturba who was seriously ill for 3 months, in Durban. Gandhiji attended on her.

18th Jan

Gandhiji, on way to Johannesburg was arrested at Volkrust for failing to produce registration certificate. Deported and escorted to border, returned immediately and was re-arrested.Released on bail .Returned to Johannesburg.

25th Jan

Gandhiji, in interview to Rand Daily Mail, stated he would not be satisfied until Asiatic traders got their rights in South Africa.

29th Jan

Gandhiji was informed of improvement in Kasturba's condition. Left for Durban.

4th Feb

Gandhiji shifted Kasturba to Phoenix , who was convalescing after the surgery.

22nd Feb

Gandhiji left Phoenix for Johannesburg.

25th Feb

Arrested at Volksrust along with Polak andVyas.

Sentenced to 3 months or £50 fine for failure to produce registration certificate.

10th March

Gandhiji was taken in handcuffs to Court to appear as witness.

Passive resisters congratulated Kasturba Gandhi on Gandhiji's third sentence of imprisonment for sake of self-respect and honour of Asiatic communities.

11th March

Indian women held meeting in Johannesburg.

Letter from Kasturba reported saying : "Had she wings, she would fly to the meeting."

Letter to Transvaal Press signed by Kasturba and four others released.

24th May

Gandhiji was released from Pretoria Central prison at 7.30a.m.

26th May

Gandhiji wrote to Johannesburg Press on jail experiences.

21st June

Gandhiji along with Hajee Habib left Johannesburg on deputation to England to represent Indian case.

10th July

Gandhiji, along with Hajee Habib, arrived at Southampton; was interviewed by Reuter. Reached London at 10.30 a.m.

19th August

Gandhiji purchased books for Phoenix Library.

13th September

Gandhiji attended Pateti celebrations in London.

16th September

Gandhiji and Hajee Habib had interview with Lord Crewe, expressed readiness to give undertaking that, if theoretical right of entry conceded, there would be no further agitation.

1st October

Gandhiji wrote to Tolstoy regarding passive resistance movement in Transvaal and Tolstoy's "Letter to a Hindoo".

5th October

Addressing meeting of Gujaratis in London, advised them to cultivate love for their own language.

24th October

Gandhiji presided over and spoke at Vijaya Dashami celebrations in London.

29th October

Gandhiji informed Lord Ampthill of decision to leave for South Africa and to challenge arrest on Transvaal border.

Received cable from South Africa asking him to return.

2nd November

Gandhiji addressed a meeting in London. Several Indians and some Englishmen enrolled as volunteers for the Souh Africa cause.

10th November

In interview to The Daily Express, Gandhiji stated that passive resistance campaign would continue "with unabated vigour".

13th November

Gandhiji and Hajee Habib left for South Africa by s. s. Kildonan Castle.

13th To 22nd November

Gandhiji wrote Hind Swaraj in Gujarati on board s.s. Kildonan Castle.

30th November

Arrived at Cape Town with Hajee Habib.

1910
1st Jan

Indian Opinion reduced in size for financial reasons

24th March

Bombay Government Gazette notified that Hind Swaraj; Universal Dawn,—Gujarati rendering of Ruskin's Unto This Last, Mustafa Kamel Pasha's Speech,—a Gujarati translation of the Egyptian patriot's speech delivered just before his death, in Cairo, and Defence of Socrates or The Story of a True Warrior . All these publications of International Printing Press had been forfeited to His Majesty for reason that they "contain matter declared to be seditious".

30th May

Founded Tolstoy Farm.

1st June

Union of South Africa came into being.

2nd June

In letter to Press, Gandhiji said advent of Union was no cause for rejoicing and described it as "a combination of hostile forces" arrayed against Asiatics.

20th November

Leo Tolstoy died.

4th December

Gandhiji spoke at Socialist Hall, Johannesburg, on Tolstoy and his message.

1911
12th March

Mass meeting of Indians at Cape Town protested against Immigration Bill.

22nd April

In Yeravda Jail.

3rd May

Gandhiji met Smuts :' Provisional Settlement' arrived on Smuts' promise of repeal of Asiatic Registration and Immigrants' Restriction Acts.

30th June

Justice Wessels of TVL Division of Supreme Court in judgment, ruled that no Indian could bring more than one wife into the country and "that must be a woman who actually was a wife."

11th November

Gandhiji in Indian Opinion, expressed his resolve to fight tooth and nail against @£ 3 tax; also called for funds to help the famine-stricken in India.

8th December

Invited Gokhale to South Africa.

1912
18th January

Durban Indians formed Plague Committee to help Public Health Department.

16th March

Commended Gokhale's attempts for abolition of indentured system.

20th July

Gandhiji, in Indian Opinion, again criticized Natal Immigration Officer, Cousins, for wanting fresh proof from those returning from India; asked Natal Indian Congress to take up matter.

26th July

Natal Indian Congress wrote to Secretary for Interior protesting against circular issued by Immigration Officer Cousins requiring proofs of marriage from immigrant Indian wives.

12th September

Phoenix Trust was set up.

22nd October

Accompanied Gokhale on tour of South Africa,Laurenco Marques, Mozambique and Zanzibar.

Gave up European dress and milk and restricted himself to diet of fresh and dried fruits.

1913
18th January

Indian Opinion announced Gandhiji's decision to go to India about the middle of the year, if expected Immigration Bill was passed in forthcoming session of Parliament.

14th March

In Cape Supreme Court, Justice Searle rejected Hassan Esop's appeal against deportation of his wife, Bai Miriam, on the ground that she was not Hassan Esop's lawful wife as her marriage had been contracted according to Mahomedan custom.

Indian marriages in South Africa invalidated by Searle's Supreme court.

15th March

Gandhiji in Indian Opinion, explained the procedure and evidence required for entry of minors and wives into Tranvaal.

30th March

Mass meeting of Indians was held tp protest against Searle's Supreme court judgment.

14th April

Immigration Restriction Bill read for first time in House of Assembly.

15th April

In telegram to Minister of Interior, Gandhiji asked for retention of Natal Immigration Act and protection to wives and minor children of educated Indians; regretted interpretation of reference to passive resistance as threat.

Wrote to Secretary for Interior for amending Union marriage laws to legalize non-Christian marriages.

19th April

Kasturba Gandhi decided to join struggle and offered court arrest.

19th May

Warned Government of certainty of revival of movement if it fails to grant promised relief.

2nd June

Indian women in Winberg took pledges not to carry passes.

5th June

Natal Immigration Law Amendment Bill regarding

£3 tax introduced in Assembly.

7th June

Decided not to return to India and resume satyagraha.

7th August

In London, Gokhale met Fischer and discussed questions of £3 tax and Indian marriages.

15th September

Passive resistance revived.

16th September

Kasturba, along with other passive resisters, arrested.

20th September

Advised Indians to court arrest by hawking or trading without licences or by declining to produce them when demanded.

22nd September

Passive resisters were deported to Natal border, but, on re-crossing border, were re-arrested and taken to Volkstust.

23rd September

Kasturba Gandhi was sentenced to three months imprisonment with hard labour, other passive resisters were imprisoned from period of one to three months.

8th October

Bai Fatima Mehtab, her mother, son and attendant left Durban for Volksrust to court arrest.

9th October

Gandhiji attended Johannesburg Hindus' meeting, which pledged to support passive resistance. Medh,Pragji Desai and Manilal Gandhi sentenced to 10 days imprisonment with hard labour.

13th October

P.K. Naidoo, Jiwan Premji and nine others went out hawking in Johannesburg to court arrest.

15th October

Gandhiji released statement reiterating Indian demands, need for fresh legislation on question of marriages and £3 tax.

17th October

Visited Newcastle, urged indentured Indians to cease work till repeal of 3 pound tax.

3000 miners went on strike.

23rd October

Gandhiji, from Newcastle, wired Botha that strike, in protest against £3 tax, would be ended if Government promised repeal.

In telegram to Press, said that he was advising miners to court arrest and leave mines.

Manilal Gandhi and four others arrested at Volksrust for hawking.

31st October

Gandhiji informed Secretary of Justice that if Indians, who had surrendered themselves, were not arrested, they would march into Transvaal.

3rd November

Announced 'march' into Transvaal.

6th Novemeber

Led at 6.30 a.m., "Great march" consisting of 2,037 men, 127 women and 57 children, from Charlestown; addressed marchers halfway between Charlestown and Volksrust.

At Volksrust border, Police Superintendent and Immigration Officer interviewed Gandhiji and Kallenbach. Marchers broke through Police cordon, crossed border.

Gandhiji arrested at 8.30 p.m. at Palmford railway station;

Marchers continued their journey.

7th November

Gandhiji appeared in Volksrust court; was released on £50 bail; case remanded till November 14; motored 33 miles, rejoined marchers at Paadekraal. En route supplied medicines to old and infirm among passive resisters there. Telegraphed Minister of Interior for permission to continue march with other strikers, else Government should take over responsibility for looking after marchers.

8th November

Gandhiji arrived at Standerton; arrested and was released on bail of £50; case was remanded till November 21. Column continued the march.

Interviewed by Reuter, Gandhiji felt sure government would repeal £3 tax.

9th November

Arrested at about 3 p.m. at Teakworth near Greylingstaad , charged with inducing strike; not allowed to speak to satyagrahis, taken secretly to Balfour for the night.

10th November

Gandhiji's request for remand, permission to take marchers to Tolstoy Farm rejected by magistrate, forwarded to Government. Gandhiji took pledge to take one meal a day "till a repeal of the tax was promised,". Passive resisters in Maritzburg Goal went on three-day fast.

11th November

Gandhi was sentenced at Dundee to 9 months' imprisonment.

Gandhiji, in a message, praised marchers' courage and sacrifice, appealed to those not courting arrest to forgo a meal a day to provide food for strikers.

16th November

In Durban, all Indian labour working on railways, sugar refineries, dock and corporation stopped work; clash between strikers and police; 16 Indians injured, one succumbed.

18th December

Gandhiji, Polak and Kallenbach released at Pretoria on Solomon Commission's recommendation.

1914
20th January

Several women satyagrahis released from Durban Central prison.

12nd January

Suspended satyagraha following agreement with Smuts.

14 days penitential fast for moral lapse of inmates of Tolstoy Farm.

7th February

Indian Women's Sabha inaugurated in Durban; Kasturba, Mrs. Polak elected patrons.

13th March

In letter to Andrews, Gandhiji wrote : "Mrs. Gandhi was near death's door last week. I have therefore done hardly anything else save nursing her during the last 10 days."

5th June

Gandhiji wrote to Gokhale that he would leave for India by mid-July in event of satisfactory settlement and termination of struggle.

26th June

Indian Relief Act was passed.

27th June

Gandhiji had 2-hour interview with Smuts at Cape Town.

Addressed European meeting held to felicitate him on passage of Bill.

8th July

Was presented with addresses at farewell meeting in Town Hall, Durban.

10th July

Gandhiji Addressed farewell gathering at Asiatic Location, Pretoria

11th July

Took leave of Phoenix Settlement

13th July

Arrived at Johannesburg in evening; taken in procession, addressed mass meeting at Gaiety Theatre.

15th July

Paid tributes to Valliamma, Nagappen, passive resisters at memorial unveiling ceremony at Bloemfontein Cemetery.

18th July

Arrived at Cape town taken in procession from Monument to Docks, received addresses, made farewell speech.

Left for England on board S.S. Kinfauns Castle.

22nd July

Indian Opinion announced a plan to issue 'Golden Number' to commemorate struggle.

4th August

World War I broke out; Gandhiji received the news in English channel; reached London.